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Reuven Gal ((ヘブライ語:ראובן גל); born August 24, 1942, surname Gruber) is an Israeli social and clinical psychologist, a social activist and entrepreneur, researcher, author and consultant in the field of behavioral, communal and social sciences. Working closely with the Office of the Prime Minister of Israel, Gal helped to create the Administration for National Civic Service, which has been called “the Israeli equivalent of the Peace Corps.” He served as its first General Director, coordinating more than 12,000 youth volunteers coming from all ethnic and religious groups (January 2008 to August 2009). Gal also served on the Israeli National Security Council as Deputy National Security Advisor for Domestic Policy (2002-2004), as Chief Psychologist (Commanding Officer of the Unit of Military Psychology) for the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), and as Chief Psychologist for the Israeli Navy (1969–1972). Gal is a sixth-generation descendant of Israel-born ancestors on his father's side. The founding father of this chain of ancestors was Rabbi Yisroel ben Shmuel Ashkenazi of Shklov. Gal's father, David Gruber, was born in Jerusalem, Palestine. His mother, Ester (Freiberg), was born in Bendjin, Poland and immigrated to Palestine in 1936. The rest of her family were murdered by German Nazis. Gal is the author or editor of five books including: ''A Portrait of the Israeli Soldier'' (1986), ''Legitimacy and Commitment in the Military'' (1990), ''The Seventh War'' (1990), ''Handbook of Military Psychology'' (1991), and ''Service Without Guns'' (2006). ==Battlefield experience== Gal served in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) as a combat infantry officer (as part of his regular mandatory service) from 1960-1963. As a reserve officer he served as a commander of an elite infantry unit, which participated in the battles in Jerusalem during the Six-Days War in 1967. Following that war, he was awarded the rank of Captain in the Reserve Corps. Gal also served, in various positions as an officer in the War of Attrition (1967-1970) and in the Lebanon War (1982). After completing his academic studies in psychology and sociology (B.A. and M.A. at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 1968; Ph.D. at the University of California at Berkeley, 1975), Gal re-joined the military and served as IDF's Chief Psychologist (1976-1982). He retired from the IDF with the rank of Colonel in 1983. This combined experience – both as a combatant who saw war and as a military psychologist who treated battle casualties and consulted field commanders – helped Gal to develop programs to enhance and maintain units’ morale and cohesion as means to protect soldiers serving in battle from emotional and psychological traumas. Gal studied this subject and wrote numerous scholarly papers on the topic. Gal’s expertise in military psychology – of Western militaries in general and of the Israeli army in particular – is also reflected in his books.〔〔〔〔〔 After retiring from his post as chief psychologist for the IDF, Gal was awarded a Senior Research Associateship by the National Academy of Science (NAS) and spent two years (1983–85) in Washington D.C. doing research and academic work. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reuven Gal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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